California Proposition 24, Consumer Personal Information Law and Agency Initiative (2020)
California Proposition 24 | |
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Election date November 3, 2020 | |
Topic Business regulation | |
Status Approved | |
Type State statute | Origin Citizens |
California Proposition 24, the Consumer Personal Information Law and Agency Initiative, was on the ballot in California as an initiated state statute on November 3, 2020. Proposition 24 was approved.
A "yes" vote supported this ballot initiative to expand the state’s consumer data privacy laws, including provisions to allow consumers to direct businesses to not share their personal information; remove the time period in which businesses can fix violations before being penalized; and create the Privacy Protection Agency to enforce the state’s consumer data privacy laws. |
A "no" vote opposed this ballot initiative to expand the state’s consumer data privacy laws or create the Privacy Protection Agency to enforce the state’s consumer data privacy laws. |
Election results
California Proposition 24 |
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Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
9,384,625 | 56.23% | |||
No | 7,305,431 | 43.77% |
Overview
What did this ballot initiative change about the CCPA?
- See also: Design of Proposition 24
Proposition 24, also known as the California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020, expanded and amended the provisions of the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), created the California Privacy Protection Agency, and removed the ability of businesses to fix violations before being penalized for violations. The ballot initiative required businesses to do the following:[1]
- not share a consumer's personal information upon the consumer's request;
- provide consumers with an opt-out option for having their sensitive personal information, as defined in law, used or disclosed for advertising or marketing;
- obtain permission before collecting data from consumers who are younger than 16;
- obtain permission from a parent or guardian before collecting data from consumers who are younger than 13; and
- correct a consumer's inaccurate personal information upon the consumer's request.
How is the campaign connected to the CCPA legislation?
- See also: Background
Alastair Mactaggart, a San Francisco-based real estate developer, filed this ballot initiative. He was the proponent of a ballot initiative that qualified for the ballot in 2018 but was withdrawn after negotiations with the California State Legislature, which passed a revised version of the initiative called the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA). Mactaggart contributed $3 million to the initiative's campaign, which spent $1.63 million to collect signatures ($4.46 per required signature).
With Proposition 24, Mactaggart said his intention "is to go to the ballot."[2] He described the CCPA of 2018 as a "great baseline. But I think there are additional rights that Californians deserve."[3] Unlike the CCPA, which the legislature passed, the ballot initiative couldn't be amended without the approval of voters at the ballot box due to the state constitution's limits on legislative alteration. "The only thing I want to make sure is they can’t undo the act," said Mactaggart, "There is basically unlimited resources on one side of the fight. If you don’t do anything, they will win eventually."[4]
Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-18) was involved in the negotiations with Mactaggart that resulted in the CCPA of 2018. Sen. Hertzberg said that "[t]here is no reason to negotiate" this time, adding, "What [Mactaggart] is doing is the right thing."[5] Mary Stone Ross, who worked with Mactaggart on the CCPA in 2018, opposed Proposition 24. She stated, "I firmly believe we wouldn’t have the CCPA had it not been for the ballot initiative process, but I think that now it’s gone too far."[6]
Measure design
Click on the arrows (▼) below for summaries of the different provisions of California Proposition 24.
Businesses: Compliance with Proposition 24
Proposition 24 defined which businesses are required to follow the law's requirements regarding consumer data. The following table compares the types of businesses that were required to follow the consumer data laws under the existing CCPA of 2018 and Proposition 24:[1]
CCPA (2018) | Proposition 24 (2020) |
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Under the CCPA of 2018 and Proposition 24, businesses were exempt from requirements when complying with federal, state, or local laws and subpoena. Proposition 24 allowed police and sheriff's departments with an active investigation to direct businesses to not delete personal information for 90 to 180 days in order to give the investigation time to obtain a court-issued warrant, subpoena, or order. Proposition 24 also allowed personal information to be shared with the government if a natural person is at risk or danger of death or serious physical injury, providing that the government's request was made by a high-ranking agency officer for emergency access, the government's request is based on the agency's good faith determination, and the requesting agency agrees to petition a court for an appropriate order within three days and to destroy the information if that order is not granted.[1]
Consumers: Rules governing consumer-business interactions
Proposition 24 provided consumers with additional abilities regarding how businesses interact with their consumer data. Proposition 24 required businesses to do the following:[1]
- not share or sell a consumer's personal information to third parties upon the consumer's request;
- disclose whether the business collects sensitive personal information, the types of sensitive personal information collected, the purpose for which the sensitive personal information would be collected, and the length of time that the business intends to retain the sensitive personal information;
- provide consumers with an opt-out option for having their sensitive personal information used or disclosed for advertising or marketing;
- obtain permission before collecting data from consumers who are younger than 16;
- obtain permission from a parent or guardian before collecting data from consumers who are younger than 13; and
- correct a consumer's inaccurate personal information upon the consumer's request
The requirements listed above were in addition to the requirements under the CCPA of 2018, which require businesses to:[1]
- disclose to the consumer the personal information that has been collected about the consumer and the commercial purpose of the information collected upon the consumer's request
- not sell a consumer's personal information to third parties upon the consumer's request.
- delete the consumer’s personal information upon the consumer's request; and
Proposition 24 defined sensitive personal information as personal Information that reveals a consumer's social security, driver's license, state identification card, or passport number; a consumer's account log-in, financial account, debit card number, or credit card number in combination with any required codes, passwords, or credentials allowing access to an account; a consumer's precise geolocation; a consumer's racial or ethnic origin, religious or philosophical beliefs, or union membership; the contents of a consumer's mall, email and text messages (unless the business in the intended recipient of the communication); a consumer's genetic data; a consumer's biometric information (for the purpose of identifying the consumer); information concerning the consumer's health; and information concerning a consumer's sex life or sexual orientation.[1]
Exemptions: Exemptions for types of information for certain purposes
Proposition 24 exempted some types of information used for certain purposes from the consumer data requirements, including:[1]
- vehicle information or vehicle ownership information retained or shared between vehicle dealers and manufacturers for the purpose of vehicle repairs;
- a consumer’s credit standing, reputation, and worthiness for the purpose of consumer reports;
- personal information collected by a business for a job application and used within the context of the consumer's role as a job applicant, employee, or independent contractor;
- emergency contact information collected by a business and used within the context of having the information on file for emergency contact purposes;
- personal information collected by a business that is needed to administer employment benefits;
- personal information reflecting a written or verbal communication or a transaction between a business and an employee, owner, or independent contractor; and
- a student's grades, educational scores, or educational test results held on behalf of a local education agency.
Proposition 24 stated that the consumer data requirements cannot restrict a business's ability to comply with federal, state, and local laws; civil, criminal, or regulatory investigations and summons; and court orders and subpoenas. Proposition 24 also allowed local law enforcement agencies to direct a business to hold onto personal information for 90 days in order for the law enforcement agency to acquire a court-ordered subpoena, order, or warrant. An additional 90 days (for 180 days total) could be
granted with good cause and for investigatory purposes. The ballot initiative allowed government agencies to request that businesses not delete data if: the purpose of the request is to protect a natural person from the risk or danger of death or serious physical injury; the request is made by a high-ranking officer; the request is based on the agency's good faith determination; and the agency agrees to petition a court for an appropriate order within three days and to destroy the information if the order is not granted.[1]
Penalties: Penalties for violations of consumer data laws
The CCPA of 2018 gave businesses 30 days to address and fix violations and data breaches before being fined. Proposition 24 eliminated the notice period of 30 days for violations. Proposition 24 adopted the following penalties for violations and data breaches:[1]
- up to $2,500 for each violation
- up to $7,500 for each violation involving the information of a person under the age of 16
- up to $750 per consumer per data breach incident or actual damages, whichever is greater
Proceeds from fines and related settlements were to be deposited into a Consumer Privacy Fund, which would be used to offset costs to courts, the attorney general, and the California Privacy Protection Agency that were associated with enforcing the consumer data law.[1]
Agency: Establishment of the California Privacy Protection Agency
Proposition 24 established the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA), which had the administrative power, authority, and jurisdiction to implement and enforce the consumer data law. Examples of the CCPA's duties included investigating and adjudicating potential violations, assessing penalties for violations, developing regulations, providing guidance to businesses and consumers, monitoring developments related to the protection of personal information, and promoting public awareness on consumer's rights in relation to personal information data.[1]
The CPPA was to be governed by a five-member board, with the chair appointed by the governor. The remaining four members were to be appointed by the governor, attorney general, Senate Rules Committee, and speaker of the assembly. Board members were to be required to have qualifications, expertise, and experience in privacy and technology. Proposition 24 required the legislature to appropriate $10 million to the CPPA during each fiscal year.[1]
Under the CCPA of 2018, the California Department of Justice oversaw the implementation and enforcement of the consumer data law.[1]
Text of measure
Ballot title
The ballot title was as follows:[7]
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Amends Consumer Privacy Laws. Initiative Statute.[8] |
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Ballot summary
The ballot summary was as follows:[7]
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Fiscal impact
The fiscal impact statement was as follows:[7]
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Full text
The full text of the ballot initiative is as follows:[1]
Readability score
- See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2020
Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The attorney general wrote the ballot language for this measure.
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Support
Californians for Consumer Privacy, also known as Yes on 24, led the campaign in support of the ballot initiative. Alastair Mactaggart, a real estate developer and investor based in San Francisco, was chairperson of the campaign.[9]
Supporters
Yes on 24 provided a list of supporters on its website, which is available here.
Officials
- U.S. Representative Ro Khanna (D)
- State Senator Ben Allen (D)
- State Senator Robert Hertzberg (D)
- State Senator Nancy Skinner (D)
- Assemblymember David Chiu (Nonpartisan)
- State Controller Betty Yee (D)
Unions
- AFSCME California
- California Professional Firefighters
- State Building and Construction Trades Council of California
Organizations
Individuals
- Andrew Yang (D) - Former 2020 presidential candidate
Arguments
Official arguments
The following is the argument in support of Proposition 24 found in the Official Voter Information Guide:[10]
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Opposition
California Consumer and Privacy Advocates Against Prop 24, also known as No on Prop 24, led the campaign in opposition to the ballot initiative.[11]
Opponents
No on Prop 24 provided a list of opponents on its webpage, which is available here.
Political Parties
Unions
Organizations
- ACLU of California
- ACLU of Northern California
- ACLU of Southern California
- California Alliance for Retired Americans
- California Small Business Association
- Center for Digital Democracy
- Color of Change
- Consumer Action
- Consumer Federation of California
- Council on Islamic American Relations - California
- League of Women Voters of California
- Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce
- Media Alliance
Individuals
Arguments
Official arguments
The following is the argument in opposition to Proposition 24 found in the Official Voter Information Guide:[12]
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Other positions
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) issued a statement taking no position on Proposition 24—"EFF does not support it; nor does EFF oppose it." EFF described Proposition 24 as "a mixed bag of partial steps backwards and forwards."[13]
Campaign finance
The Californians for Consumer Privacy PAC was registered to support the ballot initiative. The committee had raised $6.55 million. Alastair Mactaggart was the top contributor to the PAC, providing $6.50 million.[14]
Two PACs—California Consumer and Privacy Advocates Against Prop 24 and Californians for Real Privacy—were registered to oppose the ballot initiative. The committees reported $34,440 in contributions.[14]
Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures | |
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Support | $1,937,770.00 | $4,614,362.03 | $6,552,132.03 | $1,919,940.06 | $6,534,302.09 |
Oppose | $26,570.54 | $7,869.70 | $34,440.24 | $166,419.32 | $174,289.02 |
Support
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in support of the ballot initiative.[14]
Committees in support of Proposition 24 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Yes on 24, Californians for Consumer Privacy | $1,937,770.00 | $4,614,362.03 | $6,552,132.03 | $1,919,940.06 | $6,534,302.09 |
Total | $1,937,770.00 | $4,614,362.03 | $6,552,132.03 | $1,919,940.06 | $6,534,302.09 |
Donors
The following was the top donor to the support committee.[14]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
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Alastair Mactaggart | $1,905,000.00 | $4,596,162.03 | $6,501,162.03 |
Bill Dodd Ballot Measure Committee for Progress, Reform & a Stronger California | $20,000.00 | $0.00 | $20,000.00 |
Opposition
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in opposition to the ballot initiative.[14]
Committees in opposition to Proposition 24 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
California Consumer and Privacy Advocates Against Prop 24 | $20,090.00 | $233.70 | $20,323.70 | $159,938.78 | $160,172.48 |
Californians for Real Privacy - No on Proposition 24 | $6,480.54 | $7,636.00 | $14,116.54 | $6,480.54 | $14,116.54 |
Total | $26,570.54 | $7,869.70 | $34,440.24 | $166,419.32 | $174,289.02 |
Donors
The following were the top donors to the opposition committee.s[14]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
California Nurses Association Initiative Political Action Committee | $20,000.00 | $0.00 | $20,000.00 |
Consumer Federation of California | $6,480.54 | $4,502.00 | $10,982.54 |
Media editorials
Ballotpedia identified the following media editorial boards as taking positions on the ballot initiative. If you are aware of a media editorial board position that is not listed below, please email the editorial link to editor@ballotpedia.org.
Support
Opposition
Background
Constitutional right to privacy
- See also: California Declaration of Rights
The California Declaration of Rights (Article I of the California Constitution) provides for inalienable rights, including a right to pursue and obtain "safety, happiness, and privacy."[15]
The California Constitution, as ratified in 1879, included a right to pursue and obtain safety and happiness but did not include the phrase privacy.[16] In 1972, a citizen-initiated measure, titled Proposition 11, to add a right to pursue and obtain privacy was approved. The phrase "safety, happiness, and privacy" was re-adopted in 1974, when voters approved a ballot measure revising the Declaration of Rights.
California Consumer Privacy Act Initiative
In 2018, the campaign Californians for Consumer Privacy was organized to support a ballot initiative known as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Alastair Mactaggart was chairperson of the campaign, and Mary Ross, a former CIA analyst and legal counsel for the U.S. House Intelligence Committee, was president of the campaign. The campaign raised $3.05 million, with $3.00 million from Mactaggart.[14] While the ballot initiative qualified to appear at the election on November 6, 2019, Californians for Consumer Privacy withdrew the proposal on June 28, 2018, after Gov. Jerry Brown (D) signed compromise legislation.[17]
Opponents of the CCPA ballot initiative organized the Committee to Protect California Jobs, which raised $2.15 million. Opponents included several electronic, telecommunications, and vehicle companies, including Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft.[14]
California Consumer Privacy Act (AB 375)
On June 28, 2018, California Gov. Jerry Brown (D) signed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which resulted from a compromise with Californians for Consumer Privacy. In the California State Legislature, the CCPA was Assembly Bill 375 (AB 375). The California State Assembly and California State Senate passed the CCPA in unanimous votes.[17]
The CCPA was designed to require companies that store personal information to disclose to consumers what types of information are collected and how the information is used. Under the CCPA, consumers were allowed to:[17]
- request that a business disclose to the consumer the personal information that has been collected about the consumer and the commercial purpose of the information collected;
- request that a business delete the consumer’s personal information;
- request that a business not sell the consumer's personal information to third parties;
The CCPA defined personal information to include identifiers, such as names, addresses, government identification numbers, and email addresses; financial information; medical information; health insurance information; commercial information; biometric information; characteristics of protected classes; internet and electronic network information; geolocation data; audio, visual, electronic, and similar information; employment-related information; education information; and inferences drawn from personal information to create consumer profiles reflecting "the consumer’s preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, preferences, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes."
AB 375 applied the requirements to businesses that (a) earn more than $25 million in annual revenue, (b) purchase, sell, or share the personal information of 50,000 consumers or devices per year, or (c) earn 50 percent or more of their annual revenue from selling consumers' personal information.[17]
One of the differences between the citizen-initiated CCPA and the legislative CCPA (AB 375) regarded how businesses can treat or interact with consumers who requested that their information not be sold. AB 375 allowed companies to offer services or rates based on the information that consumers provided, whereas the ballot initiative would have required businesses to treat consumers the same no matter the information shared.[17]
AB 375 gave businesses 30 days to address and fix violations before being fined, whereas the ballot initiative would not have given businesses a period to fix violations before being fined.[17]
Path to the ballot
Process in California
In California, the number of signatures required for an initiated state statute is equal to 5 percent of the votes cast in the preceding gubernatorial election. Petitions are allowed to circulate for 180 days from the date the attorney general prepares the petition language. Signatures need to be certified at least 131 days before the general election. As the verification process can take multiple months, the secretary of state provides suggested deadlines for ballot initiatives.
The requirements to get initiated state statutes certified for the 2020 ballot:
- Signatures: 623,212 valid signatures were required.
- Deadline: The deadline for signature verification was June 25, 2020. However, the process of verifying signatures can take multiple months. The recommended deadlines were March 3, 2020, for an initiative requiring a full check of signatures and April 21, 2020, for an initiative requiring a random sample of signatures.
Signatures are first filed with local election officials, who determine the total number of signatures submitted. If the total number is equal to at least 100 percent of the required signatures, then local election officials perform a random check of signatures submitted in their counties. If the random sample estimates that more than 110 percent of the required number of signatures are valid, the initiative is eligible for the ballot. If the random sample estimates that between 95 and 110 percent of the required number of signatures are valid, a full check of signatures is done to determine the total number of valid signatures. If less than 95 percent are estimated to be valid, the initiative does not make the ballot.
Stages of this initiative
On October 9, 2019, Alastair Mactaggart filed the ballot initiative.[1] Attorney General Xavier Becerra (D) released ballot language for the initiative on December 17, 2019, which allowed proponents to begin collecting signatures. The deadline to file signatures was June 15, 2020.
On February 13, 2020, proponents announced that the number of collected signatures surpassed the 25-percent threshold (155,803 signatures) to require legislative hearings on the ballot initiative.[18] In 2014, Senate Bill 1253 was enacted into law, which required the legislature to assign ballot initiatives that meet the 25-percent threshold to committees to hold joint public hearings on the initiatives not later than 131 days before the election.
On May 4, 2020, the campaign submitted 930,983 signatures for the ballot initiative.[19] At least 623,212 (66.94 percent) of the signatures need to be valid. The recommended deadline to file signatures for the election on November 3, 2020, was April 21, 2020. Counties needed to validate the signatures before June 25, 2020, for the ballot initiative to appear on the ballot in 2020.
The original random sample deadline for the ballot initiative was June 26, 2020, which would have been one day after the deadline to make the ballot for 2020. On June 9, 2020, the campaign sued Secretary of State Alex Padilla (D) in the Sacramento County Superior Court. The campaign asked the court for an order to require counties to complete the random sample of signatures by June 25. According to the campaign, Padilla could have ordered counties to begin a random sample on May 13 but instead waited until May 14. The lawsuit stated, "That one-day delay, for which the Secretary of State's office had no authority, may prove fatal to the people's right to vote on this initiative."[20] On June 19, Judge Shelleyanne W. L. Chang granted the campaign's request, ordering counties to finish their random samples by June 25.[21]
On June 24, 2020, the office of Secretary of State Padilla announced that the random sample projected that 77.54 percent of the submitted signatures were valid. Therefore, the ballot initiative qualified to appear on the ballot at the general election.[22]
Cost of signature collection:
Sponsors of the measure hired Alastair Mactaggart (In-Kind) to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $4,365,296.75 was spent to collect the 623,212 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $7.00.
See also
How to cast a vote
- See also: Voting in California
Click "Show" to learn more about voter registration, identification requirements, and poll times in California.
How to cast a vote in California | |||||
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Poll timesAll polls in California are open from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Pacific Time. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[23] Registration
To vote in California, an individual must be a U.S. citizen and California resident. A voter must be at least 18 years of age on Election Day. Pre-registration is available at 16 years of age. Pre-registration automatically registers voters when they turn 18.[24] On October 10, 2015, California Governor Jerry Brown (D) signed into law Assembly Bill No. 1461, also known as the New Motor Voter Act. The legislation, which took effect in 2016, authorized automatic voter registration in California for any individuals who visit the Department of Motor Vehicles to acquire or renew a driver's license.[25][26] Automatic registrationCalifornia automatically registers eligible individuals to vote when they complete a driver's license, identification (ID) card, or change of address transaction through the Department of Motor Vehicles. Online registration
California has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website. Same-day registrationCalifornia allows same-day voter registration. Californians must be registered to vote at least 15 days before Election Day. If the registration deadline has passed for an upcoming election, voters may visit a location designated by their county elections official during the 14 days prior to, and including Election Day to conditionally register to vote and vote a provisional ballot. The state refers to this process as Same Day Voter Registration.[27] Residency requirementsTo register to vote in California, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible. Verification of citizenshipCalifornia's constitution requires that voters be U.S. citizens. When registering to vote, proof of citizenship is not required. Individuals who become U.S. citizens less than 15 days before an election must bring proof of citizenship to their county elections office to register to vote in that election.[27] Verifying your registrationThe site Voter Status, run by the California Secretary of State's office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online. Voter ID requirementsCalifornia does not require voters to present photo identification. However, some voters may be asked to show a form of identification when voting if they are voting for the first time after registering to vote by mail and did not provide a driver license number, California identification number, or the last four digits of their social security number.[28][29] The following list of accepted ID was current as of March 2023. Click here for the California Secretary of State page to ensure you have the most current information.
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External links
Information
Support
- Californians for Consumer Privacy
- Californians for Consumer Privacy Facebook
- Californians for Consumer Privacy Twitter
Opposition
- California Consumer and Privacy Advocates Against Prop 24
- California Consumer and Privacy Advocates Against Prop 24 Facebook
- California Consumer and Privacy Advocates Against Prop 24 Twitter
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 California Attorney General, "Initiative 19-0021," November 4, 2019
- ↑ Washington Post, "Privacy activist in California launches new ballot initiative for 2020 election," September 24, 2019
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Proposed 2020 ballot measure would tighten California data privacy law," September 24, 2019
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Consumer online privacy measure could be headed for California ballot," September 24, 2019
- ↑ CalMatters, "Californians may get to vote on expanded privacy rights," September 24, 2019
- ↑ Wired, "The Fight Over the Fight Over California’s Privacy Future," September 21, 2020
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 California Secretary of State, "Ballot Title and Summary," accessed July 28, 2020
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Californians for Consumer Privacy, "Homepage," accessed May 5, 2020
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Official Voter Information Guide," accessed September 28, 2020
- ↑ No on Prop 24, "Home," accessed August 4, 2020
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Official Voter Information Guide," accessed September 28, 2020
- ↑ Electronic Frontier Foundation, "Why EFF Doesn’t Support California Proposition 24," July 29, 2020
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Cal-Access, "Campaign Finance," accessed May 5, 2020
- ↑ California State Legislature, "California Constitution," accessed July 1, 2020
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "1879 Constitution," accessed July 1, 2020
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 California State Legislature, "AB-375," accessed June 25, 2018
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Proponent Letter of 25% of Signatures Reached," February 13, 2020
- ↑ Californians for Consumer Privacy, "Californians for Consumer Privacy Submits Signatures to Qualify the California Privacy Rights Act for November 2020 Ballot," May 4, 2020
- ↑ MediaPost, "California Privacy Advocates Seek Court's Help With Ballot Initiative," June 10, 2020
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Court Order," June 19, 2020
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Final Random Sample," June 24, 2020
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Section 3: Polling Place Hours," accessed April 4, 2023
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Voter Registration," accessed April 4, 2023
- ↑ The Los Angeles Times, "Gov. Brown approves automatic voter registration for Californians," October 10, 2015
- ↑ The Sacramento Bee, "California voter law could register millions–for a start," October 20, 2015
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 California Secretary of State, "Registering to Vote," accessed April 4, 2023
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "What to Bring to Your Polling Place," accessed April 4, 2023
- ↑ BARCLAYS OFFICIAL CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONS, "Section 20107," accessed April 4, 2023
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