THE OFFICIAL OPIOID SETTLEMENT TRACKER TALLY

 

OpioidSettlementTracker.com’s official sum of settlements reached between U.S. state and local governments and the 16 major pharmaceutical opioid manufacturers, marketers, distributors, and retailers:

$54.9 billion (total reported value)

To see how these monies are being spent…

 
 

Last updated April 14, 2024. See Missouri’s “OST total” (map view), which is now no longer in beta. Detailed notes on the calculations reflected in the “State/Local” column are here; narrative histories of some of the saucier lead-ups to these settlement amounts are here. If you see something I’ve missed, email Tips@OpioidSettlementTracker.com.

A note about usage: The information presented herein exists in the public domain, but the compilations themselves belong to me. I create my datasets for public, beneficial uses, so each of them sit under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows you to “remix, adapt, and build upon [the above] non-commercially” provided that two things occur: (1) I am credited in the process (“Christine Minhee, J.D., OpioidSettlementTracker.com”), and (2) you license whatever you produce using my help under identical terms. Happy to discuss. All rights reserved.

 

 

TOP HEADLINES (UPDATED WEEKLY)

 
 
 

 
 

 

STATES' INDIVIDUALLY REPORTED OPIOID SETTLEMENT SUMS (UPDATED WEEKLY)

 

The below is my 51-state survey of settlements reached with the major U.S. opioid corporations:

Finalization and distribution statuses for each of the settlement accords referenced below — including amounts specifically allotted for state, local, and tribal governments — are now available at the very top of this “Global Settlement Tracker” page.

As of March 11, 2024, the below visualization archives and replaces my original Global Settlement Tracker spreadsheet, which reigned supreme here on OST from 2019-2023. 🥲 (If you miss the chaotic table view of things, please let me know.)

 
 

Last updated April 14, 2024. See, e.g., Missouri, Alaska, West Virginia, Alaska (again), and Maryland. State-specific total calculations are in "beta" for AR, D.C., HI, IL, MT, NM, ND, and SD, who each have yet to announce the dollar amounts of some of their settlement awards. Puerto Rico’s opioid settlement amounts — archived here — will also be added in a subsequent update.

A note about usage: The information presented herein exists in the public domain, but the compilations themselves belong to me. I create my datasets for public, beneficial uses, so each of them sit under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows you to “remix, adapt, and build upon [the above] non-commercially” provided that two things occur: (1) I am credited in the process (“Christine Minhee, J.D., OpioidSettlementTracker.com”), and (2) you license whatever you produce using my help under identical terms. Happy to discuss. All rights reserved.

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GLOBAL SETTLEMENT TRACKER APPENDIX (NEW!)

 
 

OpioidSettlementTracker’s (OST) Global Settlement Tracker methodology

About OST’s scope of opioid corporations

In general, I only track “The Majors,” which is a term I use to refer to a two-dozen-plus set of the largest nationally operating pharmaceutical opioid manufacturers, distributors, and retailers involved in the U.S. opioid litigation. My scope of defendants reflects my interest in public nuisance-related theories of harm in public health settings. I do not track federal criminal or civil investigations of these companies, nor do I track antitrust settlements with opioid-based abatement drugmakers.

  • What do you mean by “nationally operating”?

    • Some companies involved in the opioid litigation only operate in a small number of states, e.g., Meijer (5).* Kroger, which has stores in 33 states, is the “smallest” settlement I currently track.

    • *As the Michigan Association of Counties would put it: “The settlement with Meijer was not a national settlement and only applied to Michigan, Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio and Illinois. In Michigan, only four counties, three cities and six townships signed-on, bringing a total of around $6 million to these subdivisions. Funds from this settlement were only directed to subdivisions and not the state.”

  • “The Majors” tho?

    • The term itself is a throwback to big tobacco. Per the great Wikipedia: “The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) was entered on November 23, 1998, originally between the four largest United States tobacco companies (Philip Morris Inc., R. J. Reynolds, Brown & Williamson and Lorillard – the ‘original participating manufacturers,’ referred to as the ‘Majors’) and the attorneys general of 46 states.”

 
 
 

About OST’s Global Settlement Tracker tally calculations

Where values are presented as a range (e.g., Purdue’s $5.5-6 billion), I use the lower figures in the calculation of my sum tallies (e.g., $5.5 billion).

  • As reported.” Reported opioid settlement sums typically reflect the total sum eventually transferable to all of the plaintiffs involved in the opioid litigation over time, and not just to state/local governments. This sum of opioid settlements is greater than the combination of the “state/local” and “tribal” totals because there are classes of plaintiffs whose amounts I have yet to publish, e.g., the thousands of individual claimants involved in Purdue’s, Endo’s, and Mallinckrodt’s bankruptcy proceedings.

  • State/local.” The “State/Local” column in The Official Opioid Settlement Tracker Tally displays exactly how much money will go to state and local governments, as a figure separate from amounts that belong to tribal governments (“Tribal”). Purdue’s amount here remains unknown (see below). For the sake of completion, I used state-specific references to NOAT values like these to guesstimated an overall NOAT value of $3 billion. If anyone can put me out of my misery and let me know what the NOAT itself is worth, I’d be much obliged: Tips@OpioidSettlementTracker.com.

  • Tribal.” Native American tribes’ entitlement under Endo’s settlement has yet to be announced, and I have no intelligent means of guesstimation at the moment, so I substituted a value of $0 for this portion of the tally.

 
 
 

About that “State/Local” column

The “State/Local” column in The Official Opioid Settlement Tracker Tally displays exactly how much money will go to state and local governments, as a figure separate from amounts that belong to tribal governments (“Tribal”). These sums are lower than those displayed under “Reported Value,” because reported opioid settlement sums typically reflect the total sum eventually transferable to all of the plaintiffs involved in the opioid litigation over time, and not just to state/local governments. See, e.g., the individual trust distribution procedure documents drafted for each of Purdue’s several classes of claimants.

McKesson, AmerisourceBergen (now Cencora), and Cardinal Health (“Distributors”)

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of the Global Settlement Abatement Amount ($19,045,384,616), Additional Restitution Amount ($282,692,307.70), and Global Settlement Attorney Fee Amount ($1,671,923,077). It “assum[es] maximum full payments made to all 55 states.” See the Distributor Settlement Agreement’s definition of “Global Settlement Amount,” Distributor Maximum Payment Flow/Allocation.

Johnson & Johnson

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of the Global Settlement Abatement Amount ($4,534,615,385), Additional Restitution Amount ($67,307,692), and Global Settlement Attorney Fee Amount ($398,076,923). It “assum[es] maximum full payments made to all 55 states.” See the Janssen Settlement Agreement’s definition of “Global Settlement Amount,” J&J Maximum Payment Flow/Allocation.

CVS

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of the Maximum Remediation Payment (“up to $4,279,160,837”), Common Benefit and Subdivision Attorneys’ Fees, Expenses and Costs (“up to $539,457,124”), and State Outside Counsel Fee Fund, State Cost Fund and Additional Remediation Amount (“up to $85,583,217”), and a credit for prior settlements New Mexico, West Virginia, and New York’s Nassau and Suffolk counties ($117,882,400). It “assume[s] maximum subdivision participation. Actual payments will depend on the level of subdivision participation.” See footnote 1 for the CVS Settlement Agreement’s definition of “Maximum Remediation Payment,” CVS Payment Flow.

Walgreens

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of the Abatement Total ($4,788,165,456), Private Attorneys Fees ($638,600,000), State AG Fees and Costs ($63,842,206), and Additional Restitution Amount ($31,921,103). It “assume[s] maximum subdivision participation. Actual payments will depend on the level of subdivision participation.” See Walgreens Payment Flow. See also the Walgreens Settlement Agreement’s (albeit less specific) definition of “Global Settlement Amount.”

Walmart

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of the Abatement Total ($2,393,794,118.64), Subdivision Attorneys’ Fees, Expenses and Costs ($297,720,376.93), State Outside Counsel Fee Fund ($16,006,471.88), State Cost Fund ($16,006,471.88) and Additional Restitution Amount ($16,006,471.88). It “assume[s] maximum subdivision participation. Actual payments will depend on the level of subdivision participation.” See Walmart Payment Flow. See also the Walmart Settlement Agreement’s (vaguer) definition of “Global Settlement Amount.”

Teva

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of the Abatement Total ($2,945,529,111), Cash Conversion of Settlement Product ($240,000,000), Additional Restitution Amount ($28,669,762), and Global Settlement Attorney Fee Amount ($366,335,847.76). It “assume[s] maximum subdivision participation. Actual payments will depend on the level of subdivision participation.” See Teva Payment Flow. See also the Teva Settlement Agreement’s (less satisfying) definition of “Global Settlement Amount.”

Allergan (now AbbVie)

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of Abatement Total ($1,799,186,751), Additional Restitution Amount ($16,192,680.76), and Global Settlement Attorney Fee Amount ($206,906,476.36). It “assume[s] maximum subdivision participation. Actual payments will depend on the level of subdivision participation.” See Allergan Payment Flow. See also the Allergan Settlement Agreement’s (mid) definition of “Global Settlement Amount.”

McKinsey

  • Reported Value. The “$230 million” reported in September 2023 reflects amounts to political subdivisions and school districts only and obviously excludes the earlier settlement reached with states’ AGs (below).

  • State/Local. This represents the sum of 49 states’ $558,919,331 ($573,919,331 less payment to NAAG; see pg. 11 here) + localities’ impending $207,000,000 (see pg. 10 of 65 here).

Purdue

Mallinckrodt

Endo

  • State/Local. Per BNN Bloomberg: “Endo’s restructuring plan includes settlements with state and federal authorities, and is expected to pay individual opioid victims between $89.7 million and $119.7 million … The company has also agreed to pay $273 million to more than 40 states and as much as $365 million to the U.S. Justice Department. The exact amount of the payments depends on whether Endo opts to pay some settlements in full when the company leaves bankruptcy or over time, the documents show.” See Drugmaker Endo Cleared to Poll Creditors on Opioid Settlements” (BNN Bloomberg).

Kroger

  • State/Local. This estimate represents the sum of the “up to $1.2 billion to states and subdivisions” + “approximately $177 million to cover attorneys’ fees and costs.” See 9/8/2023 Kroger press.

Rite Aid

 
 
 

A note about Native American tribes’ opioid litigation

For all official updates, visit TribalOpioidSettlements.com.

On February 1, 2022, and under a separately announced (proposed) agreement, the “big three” distributors agreed to pay tribal sovereign governments almost $440 million (in addition to a prior $75 million settlement between the “big three” and the Cherokee Nation) and J&J agreed to pay $150 million. The settlement became effective once at least 95% of litigating tribes and 14 of the 17 non-litigating tribes agreed to participate in its framework. All 574 federally recognized Native American tribes were eligible to participate, regardless of whether or not they’ve sued the offeror-companies.

Judge Dan Aaron Polster, who oversees the thousands of opioid cases that have consolidated in federal court, said ... that it ‘was necessary to have separate parallel negotiations and ultimately separate settlement agreements with the three distributors and J&J with the tribes’ because the tribes are sovereign nations.
The Washington Post

We often discuss how $26 billion opioid settlement offer might impact state and local governments. Rarely do we address its potential impact on the “574 federally recognized Native American tribes and Alaska Native villages, which experienced higher rates of opioid overdoses compared to other communities” and are technically sovereigns entitled to home court advantage, but whose cases were procedurally grouped alongside political subdivisions’ in the federal opioid multi-district litigation.

The history between federal, state, and tribal governments is rich, to say the least. But according to one attorney for Native American tribal plaintiffs, “Since the 1970s, when the federal government ushered in the era of self-determination, tribal governments in this country get stronger every day. …. This won’t be the last time tribes join together on cases like this.” For more, see The Curious Case of the Cherokee Nation, Why are localities and tribal sovereign nations also suing opioid corporations, in addition to states?.

See also:Center for Indigenous Health Launches Guide for Spending Tribal Opioid Settlement Funds” (Native News Online), “Cherokee Nation announces proposal to use opioid settlement funds to build drug treatment facilities” (5 News)

 
 
 

Narrative histories of the more eventful opioid settlements

This very last section is for you weirdos who like long-form explanations (like me 😅). Settlements in order of reported value:

 
 
 

Johnson & Johnson, McKesson, AmerisourceBergen (now Cencora), and Cardinal Health

THE SETTLEMENT FINALIZATION TIMELINE

  • July 21, 2021 — states’ sign-on period begins (like open enrollment, but for settlements)

  • August 21, 2021 — deadline for states to decide whether to participate. Original “non-participants”:

  • September 4, 2021 — deadline for companies making the deal to determine whether there is sufficient support to proceed with the political subdivisions’ (cities’ and counties’) sign-on period

  • January 26, 2022 — deadline for political subdivisions to join the deal

    • “About 90% of local governments nationwide that were eligible to participate in the settlement … had opted to do so” (Reuters)

  • February 25, 2022 — “Reference Date for Defendants to decide whether they are going forward with the Settlement” (NationalOpioidSettlement.com)

  • September 1, 2022 — New Hampshire settles with J&J

  • August 1, 2022 — West Virginia’s cities and counties settle with “big three” (prior settlement state only)

  • June 27, 2022 — Oklahoma settles with “big three”

  • May 3, 2022 — Washington settles with “big three”

  • April 19, 2022 — Alabama settles with J&J and McKesson

  • January 25, 2022 — Rhode Island joins “big three” distributors’ deal (previously J&J participant only)

  • January 14, 2022 — New Mexico joins J&J’s offer

  • January 7, 2021 — Georgia joins both deals

  • January 4, 2021 — Nevada joins both deals

  • December 7, 2021 — New Mexico, an original total non-participant, joins “big three” distributors’ deal

The lion’s share of our $50+ billion — $26 billion — comes from opioid manufacturer Johnson & Johnson and the “big three” distributors McKesson, AmerisourceBergen (now Cencora), and Cardinal Health. Their settlement agreement was finalized on February 25, 2022.

Though often described as “national” or “global,” this $26 billion settlement involving the “big three” and J&J does not resolve litigation against those various other opioid manufacturers, distributors, and retailers (pharmacies). It is also unrelated to cases brought by the federal government, such as the Department of Justice’s late-December 2022 civil suit against AmerisourceBergen.

Participating states met their January 26, 2022 political subdivision sign-on deadline with a “90%” local government participation rate, which gave “Cardinal, McKesson, AmerisourceBergen, and Johnson & Johnson … until February 25, 2022 to decide whether to move forward with the settlement. “The four companies notified lawyers for the governments in the case that their thresholds were met, meaning money could start flowing to communities by April.”

TIMELINE OF THE SIGN-ON TEA

  • As of January 26, 2022, “[a]bout 90% of local governments nationwide that were eligible to participate in the settlement … had opted to do so” (Reuters). January 26 served as participating states’ deadline to convince their political subdivisions (cities, counties) to also surrender their litigation against the offeror companies and assent to the deal. The full approval timeline may be found below.

    • Legal uncertainty fueled much of the state-local political drama during this process. “At its core, the proposed $26 billion deal brokered by state attorneys general with major drug companies depends on whether enough cities and counties agree to sign on. And whether a state can force one of its cities to accept a settlement is an open question in about half of the states, which would have to be decided by their top courts” (Law360). This explains why, in a “rare spectacle,” two Pennsylvania district attorneys sued the state’s attorney general for committing his state to the global settlement deal. (A state court dismissed their case due to ripeness issues on February 4, 2022, stating that “[a]t this juncture in this matter, it is impossible for this court to declare the respective rights of the parties regarding a settlement agreement that has yet to be executed and that may still be modified, as it has been before.")

  • Political subdivision participation was so important because about $10.7 billion of the deal depended upon cities’ and counties’ approval. The specifics:

    • States are entitled to a base payout when they agree to participate in settlement (55% of Distributor payments, 45% of Janssen payments), but only unlock 100% of funds with local government cooperation. To receive 100% of funds (i.e., the “base” + full local government participation “incentive” payout), states must convince their localities to surrender their opioid cases against the offeror-companies listed above. Specifically, they must pass a “[s]tatute or court ruling that terminates existing and bars future claims by subdivisions,” receive “releases on behalf of … all general purpose subdivisions above 10,000 population [and] all currently litigating subdivisions,” or a “combination of these approaches that results in a complete bar of existing and future claims (e.g., legislation barring future claims combined with 100% participation by litigating subdivisions).” Anything less results in decreased “incentive” payments. The flowchart below from the MDL’s Plaintiffs’ Executive Committee’s website explains this pretty well. For more: Distributors: Base and Incentives, Johnson & Johnson: Base and Incentives.

  • On September 4, 2021, the offeror-companies announced that “enough” states (42) had signed onto the deal to proceed with the political subdivision period, even when the settlement’s “complex formula” initially “envisioned at least 44 states participating.” The companies ultimately reserved the power for themselves to decide “whether a ‘critical mass’ [of states] had joined and whether to finalize the deal” and ultimately did so on September 4, when they determined that 42 participating states constituted sufficient quorum. (The current, updated list of opt-out states is below.)

    • By contrast, the big tobacco Master Settlement Agreement of the nineties garnered the assent of 46 states’ attorneys general — a feat likely made easier by the fact that plaintiffs there were primarily state governments suing the four largest U.S. tobacco manufacturers. In the opioid litigation, localities are suing alongside their containing states, and together they’ve cast a litigatory net over an entire supply chain (opioid manufacturers, distributors, and retailers). This yields an exponentially larger set of claims and defenses between the however many permutations of plaintiff, defendant, and forum. The mind reels.

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CVS, Walgreens, and Walmart

On November 2, 2022, the “big three” pharmacies — CVS, Walgreens, and Walmart — agreed to settle their claims with state, local, and tribal governments. “The proposed settlement — potentially one of the last big accords spawned by more than five years of litigation over the highly addictive painkillers” requires CVS to pay $4.904-5 billion, Walgreens to pay $4.95-5.52 billion and Walmart to pay $2.74-3.1 billion.

And on June 9, 2023, several states announced that the CVS and Walgreens portions of this deal were “moving forward,” thus concluding the state and subdivision sign-on processes for those settlements only. “A final agreement with Walmart … is not being announced [yet]; however, that settlement is expected to move forward in the coming weeks.”

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Teva and Allergan

Where’s the money?

As of June 8, 2023, Teva “anticipates making its first payment under the nationwide opioids settlement agreement in the second half of 2023.”

Why the pairing?

Allergan’s $2.37 billion agreement in principle is a “companion agreement” to Teva’s. “Teva bought Allergan's generic drugs unit in 2016, and its settlement was contingent on Allergan reaching a nationwide deal.”

$3.58 to $4.25 billion will come from Teva. The manufacturer’s agreement in principle — announced July 26, 2022 — sits separately as well. On January 9, 2023, Teva announced that it had attained sufficient state support to proceed with its political subdivision (localities) sign-on process. And on June 8, 2023, Teva announced that it had concluded both its state and subdivision sign-on periods, “resolved its opioid litigation with all 50 U.S. states and more than 99% of the litigating subdivisions” entirely, and “anticipates making its first payment under the nationwide opioids settlement agreement in the second half of 2023.”

The offer is a unique cash-drug hybrid: $4.25 billion includes “up to $1.2 billion” of Narcan. Those skeptical of this term might be intrigued to learn that states and localities will be able to “opt for additional cash in lieu of an allotment of the overdose medication, at a value of 20% of the drug's list price.”

Though much lesser-known, Teva ... and its affiliates produced far more prescription opioids during the peak years of the crisis than marquee-name opioid manufacturers such as Johnson & Johnson did. Its production of both generic and branded painkillers dwarfed the output of Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin.
New York Times

$2.02 to $2.37 billion derives from AbbVie’s Allergan unit. The manufacturer’s agreement in principle, announced July 29, 2022, is a “companion agreement” that “clears the way for Teva … to finalize” its settlement. (“Teva bought Allergan's generic drugs unit in 2016, and its settlement was contingent on Allergan reaching a nationwide deal.”) Like Teva’s offer, AbbVie’s also “includes money [previously promised] under settlements with individual states.”

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Purdue

Where’s the money?

All finalization and distribution statuses are monitored here.

“The money is to begin flowing after Purdue, which is to be renamed Knoa Pharma, emerges from bankruptcy. … The last payment under the settlement is not scheduled to be made until 2039.” However, on August 10, 2023, “[t]he Supreme Court agreed … to consider the government’s challenge of a bankruptcy settlement involving Purdue Pharma, putting on pause [on the] deal.”

This “adds to the uncertainty around the plan to compensate states, local governments, tribes and individuals harmed by the opioid crisis while offering protection for the Sackler family. The order specified that the justices would hear arguments in the case in December.” See Supreme Court Pauses Opioid Settlement With Sacklers Pending Review” (The New York Times).

Oh, Purdue. Though Purdue’s $5.5 to $6 billion deal has survived appellate court review, the Supreme Court’s review of its non-debtor release provisions now grants the entire thing “TBD” status yet again. The manufacturer’s settlement plan achieved full nationwide (political) support on March 3, 2022 after years of struggle and months of bankruptcy-initiated mediation proceedings. Then, on August 10, 2023, the Supreme Court “entered the chat.” See US Supreme Court halts Purdue Pharma bankruptcy settlement pending review” (Reuters)

A brief timeline:

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Mallinckrodt

$1.7 billion should have come from Mallinckrodt, but their second bankruptcy deal slashes a cool billion from this sum. “As part of its previous bankruptcy, Mallinckrodt, which denied wrongdoing, agreed to pay $1.7 billion to settle about 3,000 lawsuits alleging it used deceptive marketing tactics to boost opioid sales. The new bankruptcy reduces that to $700 million, all of which has already been paid to a settlement trust” (Reuters 10/10) (emphasis mine).

The manufacturer first filed for bankruptcy in 2020, and its first restructuring plan — which included a $1.7 billion (formerly $1.6 billion) set-aside to resolve its opioid crisis liabilities — had early blanket support from state and local government attorneys. The deal also faced numerous, Purdue-style objections before finally winning court approval on February 3, 2022.

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Endo

On August 16, 2022, the manufacturer announced both its bankruptcy filing and an agreement in principle reached with states’ Attorneys General. Since then, there has been some confusion over Endo’s total settlement value, particularly in regards to U.S. states and localities:

  • As reported November 2023: “The proposed Justice Department settlement calls for paying the $365 million over 10 years, plus an additional $100 million contingent payment if Endo outperforms financial expectations from 2024 to 2028. … As part of its bankruptcy, Endo has committed to pay $465 million to U.S. states, $119.7 million to people affected by opioid addiction, and $11.5 million to a trust for future opioid claimants” (Reuters).

  • As reported in January 2024: “Endo’s restructuring plan includes settlements with state and federal authorities, and is expected to pay individual opioid victims between $89.7 million and $119.7 million, according to court documents. The company has also agreed to pay $273 million to more than 40 states and as much as $365 million to the U.S. Justice Department. The exact amount of the payments depends on whether Endo opts to pay some settlements in full when the company leaves bankruptcy or over time, the documents show” (BNN Bloomberg).

In either case, finalization and distribution statuses will be monitored here.

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What are you doing down here?!

If you want to keep reading, I recommend taking a look at how states have been spending their opioid settlements…