Publicly owned treatment works

A publicly owned treatment works (POTW) is a term used in the United States for a sewage treatment plant owned, and usually operated, by a government agency. In the U.S., POTWs are typically owned by local government agencies, and are usually designed to treat domestic sewage and not industrial wastewater.

The term is used extensively in U.S. water pollution law (i.e. the Clean Water Act), regulations and programs.^[1]^[2] Many POTWs were established or expanded with grants or low-interest loans from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).^[3]

There are over 16,000 POTWs in the U.S., serving 75 percent of the total population.^[4] The remainder of the population is served by decentralized or private septic systems. The POTWs treat 32 billion US gallons (120 gigalitres) of wastewater every day.^[5] Most POTWs are required to meet national secondary treatment standards.^[6]^[7]

References[edit]

^ United States. Clean Water Act (CWA), Titles II and VI. 33 U.S.C. § 1281, 33 U.S.C. § 1381.
^ "National Pretreatment Program". National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2019-11-05.
^ Copeland, Claudia (2016-10-18). Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congressional Research Service. pp. 4–5. RL30030.
^ "Water and Wastewater Systems Sector". Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 2016-01-08.
^ "Basic Information about Water Security". Water Security. EPA. 2014-02-11. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06.
^ CWA sec. 304(d)(1), 33 U.S.C. § 1314(d)(1) and "Secondary Treatment Regulation", Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 133.
^ "Secondary Treatment Standards". National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. EPA. 2016-11-01.

[1] United States. Clean Water Act (CWA), Titles II and VI. 33 U.S.C. § 1281, 33 U.S.C. § 1381.

[2] "National Pretreatment Program". National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2019-11-05.

[3] Copeland, Claudia (2016-10-18). Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congressional Research Service. pp. 4–5. RL30030.

[4] "Water and Wastewater Systems Sector". Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 2016-01-08.

[5] "Basic Information about Water Security". Water Security. EPA. 2014-02-11. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06.

[6] CWA sec. 304(d)(1), 33 U.S.C. § 1314(d)(1) and "Secondary Treatment Regulation", Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 133.

[7] "Secondary Treatment Standards". National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. EPA. 2016-11-01.

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